Cs31: Intro To C Structs In C, Structure In C Programming With Examples

What is a structure?A structure is a user defined data type in C/C++. A structure creates a data type that can be used to group items of possibly different types into a single type.

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How to create a structure?‘struct’ keyword is used to create a structure. Following is an example.
How to declare structure variables?A structure variable can either be declared with structure declaration or as a separate declaration like basic types.
Note: In C++, the struct keyword is optional before in declaration of a variable. In C, it is mandatory.

How to initialize structure members?Structure members cannot be initialized with declaration. For example the following C program fails in compilation.
The reason for above error is simple, when a datatype is declared, no memory is allocated for it. Memory is allocated only when variables are created.Structure members can be initialized using curly braces ‘{}’. For example, following is a valid initialization.
What is designated Initialization?Designated Initialization allows structure members to be initialized in any order. This feature has been added in C99 standard.
This feature is not available in C++ and works only in C.

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What is an array of structures?Like other primitive data types, we can create an array of structures.
What is a structure pointer?Like primitive types, we can have pointer to a structure. If we have a pointer to structure, members are accessed using arrow ( -> ) operator.
What is structure member alignment?See https://sonlavn.com/structure-member-alignment-padding-and-data-packing/Limitations of C StructuresIn C language, Structures provide a method for packing together data of different types. A Structure is a helpful tool to handle a group of logically related data items. However, C structures have some limitations.

The C structure does not allow the struct data type to be treated like built-in data types:We cannot use operators like +,- etc. on Structure variables. For example, consider the following code:
No Data Hiding: C Structures do not permit data hiding. Structure members can be accessed by any function, anywhere in the scope of the Structure.Functions inside Structure: C structures do not permit functions inside StructureStatic Members: C Structures cannot have static members inside their bodyAccess Modifiers: C Programming language do not support access modifiers. So they cannot be used in C Structures.Construction creation in Structure: Structures in C cannot have constructor inside Structures.Related Article : C Structures vs C++ Structures
We will soon be discussing union and other struct related topics in C. Please write comments if you find anything incorrect, or you want to share more information about the topic discussed above.

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